GCSE: Edexcel Set Works
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major, BWV 1050: III. Allegro
Background Information
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, Movement III, composed by Johann Sebastian Bach, is a captivating and innovative work that showcases the genius of one of the most influential composers in Western music history.
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was a German composer and musician renowned for his contributions to Baroque music. Serving as the Kapellmeister in various courts, Bach composed numerous instrumental and vocal works. The Brandenburg Concertos, a collection of six concertos dedicated to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt, represent some of Bach's most celebrated compositions.
Instrumentation
Harpsichord, flute, and violin (soloists) plus string orchestra.
Bach's mastery of counterpoint is evident throughout the movement. The intertwining melodies of the flute, violin, and harpsichord create a rich texture and intricate harmonic relationships. The soloists engage in imitation and thematic development, passing melodic ideas back and forth, while the orchestra provides a solid foundation and supports the soloists with rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment.
The harpsichord plays a central role in the movement, showcasing its capabilities as both a solo and accompanying instrument. Bach elevates the harpsichord from its traditional continuo role to a prominent soloist position, allowing it to shine with dazzling virtuosity.
Rhythm & Meter
This movement is written in a lively Allegro tempo with a 2/4 meter. Note that it contains many triplets and dotted rhythms which can also imply a 6/8 time signature (as commonly found in a Baroque gigue).
Texture
The texture is largely polyphonic with two or more independent melodic lines played simultaneously.
Harmony & Form
The form of this movement is a large ternary form (ABA). The A section begins in D major and modulates at times to A major before moving to B minor (the relative minor of D major) in the B section. The B section also features a modulation to A major. Aside from modulation, Bach employs the use of pedals.