GCSE: Edexcel Set Works

'Release' by Afro Celt Sound System

Band History

Afro Celt Sound System is a world music group formed in 1995 by Simon Emmerson, a British guitarist and producer. The band is a fusion of traditional Celtic sounds with West African rhythms and electronic beats, resulting in a dynamic and distinct musical style. The group's lineup includes members from various backgrounds, such as vocalists, instrumentalists, and DJs, creating a vibrant and diverse musical landscape.

Song History

‘Release’ appears on Afro Celt Sound System’s second studio album titled "Volume 2: Release," released in 1999. It was written by the band and guest artist Sinead O’Connor, and features lyrics in English, Irish Gaelic, and Maninka (the language of Guinea).

Instrumentation

‘Release’ incorporates traditional African and Celtic instruments alongside modern electronic elements. These include the kora (West African harp lute), uilleann pipes (Irish bagpipes), bodhran (Irish drum), Irish whistle, accordion, the hurdy-gurdy, talking drum, drum loops, drum machine, guitars, fiddle/violin, keyboards, vocals and percussion instruments.

Form

The form of ‘Release’ can be described as verse form. It has no chorus but does include intro, outro, instrumental solo, and breakdown sections.

Texture

The main texture of "Release" can be described as polyphonic although it also contains some examples of polyphonic (during the 3^rd verse, featuring the female voice + uilleann pipes) and heterophonic (after the drum break featuring the Uilleann pipes and hurdy-gurdy) textures.

Harmony

Harmonically, this work is very static and is largely based in C aeolian mode with some reference to C dorian mode (eg. In the 2^nd half of verse 2 where an A natural is introduced in the accompaniment part). ‘Release’ also employs a drone or pedal in the form of synthesizer pads and a repetitive bass pattern to establish C as the tonic.

Rhythm & Meter

The work begins in free time, and then moves into 4/4 time with a slightly swung feel (mainly heard in the bodhran part). It incorporates elements of syncopation and polyrhythms with many layered parts performing contrasting rhythmic patterns.

Recording Techniques

Afro Celt Sound System is known for their innovative and meticulous approach to recording. The following studio techniques and effects can be heard in ‘Release’: Reverb, filter, panning, and delay amongst others.